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Extended Vantage Theory In Linguistic Application. The Case of the English Articles
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This study has a dual orientation and a dual aim: Theoretical and analytical. On the theoretical side, it presents a relatively little know cognitive model of categorization, Vantage Theory, surveys its linguistic applications and proposes its adaptation, called Extended Vantage Theory. In the analytical part, the adaptation serves a specific purpose: an account of the use of the English articles. The book is thus as much a testing ground for a theory as it is a hands-on struggle with specific data.
| Rok wydania | 2012 |
|---|---|
| Liczba stron | 295 |
| Kategoria | Językoznawstwo |
| Wydawca | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej |
| ISBN-13 | 978-83-7784-230-0 |
| Numer wydania | 1 |
| Język publikacji | angielski |
| Informacja o sprzedawcy | ePWN sp. z o.o. |
POLECAMY
Ciekawe propozycje
Spis treści
| Acknowledgements | 13 |
| Introduction | 15 |
| Chapter 1. Vantage Theory: origin and basic tenets | 19 |
| 1. Introductory comments | 19 |
| 1.1 The Munsell set | 20 |
| 1.2 Interviews | 21 |
| 2. The theory | 22 |
| 2.1 The space-time : categorization analogy | 22 |
| 2.2 Vantages | 24 |
| 2.3 An excursus: attention | 28 |
| 2.4 Contraction and protraction of cognitive distance | 30 |
| 2.5 Universal width of purview and the spotlight effect | 33 |
| 2.6 Variants of the dominant-recessive pattern | 36 |
| 2.7 Coextension | 38 |
| 2.8 Individual cognition | 41 |
| 2.9 Frames | 42 |
| 2.10 Stress | 43 |
| 2.11 Viewpoints | 46 |
| 3. Vantage Theory in a broader context | 48 |
| 4. Synopsis | 54 |
| Chapter 2. Vantage Theory: linguistic applications | 57 |
| 1. Introductory comments | 57 |
| 2. Category and concept. Colour and beyond | 58 |
| 3. The applications | 64 |
| 3.1 MacLaury (1995) on aspects of conceptualization | 64 |
| 3.1.1 Quintessential vs. representative prototypes | 64 |
| 3.1.2 Asymmetries in conceptualizing | 65 |
| 3.1.3 Metaphorization: time | 65 |
| 3.1.4 Metaphorization: birds and people in Kaluli | 67 |
| 3.1.5 Double constructions | 68 |
| 3.1.6 Viewpoints as coordinates: spatial orientation | 69 |
| 3.1.7 Viewpoints as coordinates: contextualized and decontextualized thinking | 71 |
| 3.2 Semantics of colour terms | 72 |
| 3.2.1 The French marron and brun | 72 |
| 3.2.2 The Hungarian piros and vörös | 72 |
| 3.2.3 The Polish BLUE category | 74 |
| 3.2.4 Colour terms in grammatical constructions | 75 |
| 3.2.5 Japanese native and borrowed terms | 75 |
| 3.2.6 Change in colour categorization | 76 |
| 3.3 Lexical semantics | 77 |
| 3.3.1 Bird naming | 77 |
| 3.3.2 The Iberian Spanish “macho” | 78 |
| 3.3.3 Autohyponymy | 78 |
| 3.3.4 Dutch historical semantics | 79 |
| 3.3.5 Vertical extent/position | 80 |
| 3.3.6 Demonstratives | 83 |
| 3.3.7 Lexis in written discourse | 84 |
| 3.4 The social dimension | 86 |
| 3.4.1 Styles in Japanese speech | 86 |
| 3.4.2 Japanese masu forms | 88 |
| 3.4.3 Ethnic identity | 89 |
| 3.4.4 “Folk linguistics” and an individual’s national identity | 90 |
| 3.5 Song lyrics | 93 |
| 3.5.1 VT and a love song | 93 |
| 3.5.2 The father-son relationship | 94 |
| 3.5.3 Statistics in punk and hip-hop | 94 |
| 3.6 Miscellanea | 95 |
| 3.6.1 Japanese orthographic conventions | 95 |
| 3.6.2 Language learning | 95 |
| 3.6.3 From Old English to Middle English constructions | 96 |
| 3.6.4 Number in English | 97 |
| 4. Conclusion | 99 |
| Chapter 3. The English articles: a background survey | 101 |
| 1. The definite article | 101 |
| 1.1 Two classifications of the | 102 |
| 1.1.1 Classification 1: Christopher Lyons | 102 |
| 1.1.2 Classification 2: Low | 104 |
| 1.2 Individual accounts of the | 107 |
| 1.2.1 Russell | 107 |
| 1.2.2 Christophersen | 108 |
| 1.2.3 Searle | 108 |
| 1.2.4 Allan | 109 |
| 1.2.5 Heim | 110 |
| 1.2.6 Löbner | 110 |
| 1.2.7 Chafe | 110 |
| 1.2.8 Givón | 111 |
| 1.2.9 Fraurud | 112 |
| 1.2.10 Hawkins and Christopher Lyons | 112 |
| 1.2.11 Katz | 116 |
| 1.2.12 Low | 117 |
| 1.3 The in cognitive linguistics | 118 |
| 1.3.1 Cognitive Grammar | 119 |
| 1.3.2 Construction Grammar | 121 |
| 1.3.3 Mental Spaces | 122 |
| 1.3.4 Viewpoint (Epstein) | 123 |
| 2. The indefinite article | 134 |
| 2.1 Individual accounts of a/an | 135 |
| 2.1.1 Russell and Ludlow & Neale | 135 |
| 2.1.2 Hawkins | 136 |
| 2.1.3 Leech | 137 |
| 2.2 A/an in cognitive linguistics | 138 |
| 2.2.1 Cognitive Grammar | 139 |
| 2.2.2 Mental Spaces | 141 |
| 3. The nil article | 143 |
| 3.1 Individual accounts of the nil article | |
| 3.1.1 Jespersen | 144 |
| 3.1.2 Hewson | 144 |
| 3.1.3 Chesterman | 145 |
| 3.1.4 Berezowski | 145 |
| 3.2 The nil article in cognitive linguistics | 146 |
| 4. Final comments | 148 |
| Chapter 4. (E)VT and the English articles | 149 |
| 1. (E)VT and articles: framework development | 149 |
| 1.1 Case 1: the/a house in Doris Lessing | 149 |
| 1.2 Case 2: the in Ernest Hemingway | 152 |
| 1.3 Case 3: articles and capitalization | 154 |
| 1.4 Case 4: articles and translation | 159 |
| 2. EVT: the current framework | 161 |
| 3. EVT and articles: a first classification | 168 |
| 3.1. Similarity predominating | 168 |
| 3.1.1 Non-discrimination: SS, SS+, SS- | 168 |
| 3.1.2 The dominant vantage with variations | 170 |
| 3.1.2a The default dominant vantage: SS D | 170 |
| 3.1.2b The other balanced variants: SS+ D-, SS- D+ | 172 |
| 3.1.2c The non-balanced variant: SS- D | 173 |
| 3.1.2d SS- D vs. SS- D+ | 174 |
| 3.1.2e SS vs. SS D | 177 |
| 3.1.3 Synopsis of similarity predominating | 178 |
| 3.2 Difference predominating | 179 |
| 3.2.1 The default recessive vantage: DD S | 179 |
| 3.2.2 The balanced DD+ S- variant | 180 |
| 3.2.3 The balanced DD- S+ variant | 181 |
| 3.2.4 Logical definites | 183 |
| 3.2.5 Synopsis of difference predominating | 184 |
| 3.3 Definite plurals: [SS-] D and [SS] D | 186 |
| 3.4 Pluralized mass nouns | 189 |
| 3.5 A few comparisons | 189 |
| 3.5.1 Predominating similarity vs. predominating difference | 189 |
| 3.5.2 Nil vs. definite articles | 192 |
| 3.5.3 Non-default balanced recessive vantages: DD+ S- vs. DD- S+ | 193 |
| 4. Synopsis | 197 |
| Chapter 5. EVT and articles in discourse | 201 |
| 1. Introductory comments | 201 |
| 2. Coreferentiality | 202 |
| 3. Reference-point phenomenon | 206 |
| 3.1 Sentence/phrase level | 206 |
| 3.2 Discourse level | 208 |
| 3.3 Created associative links | 211 |
| 3.4 Scripts | 213 |
| 4. The role of encyclopedic knowledge | 216 |
| 5. Discourse-initial the | 218 |
| 6. Hearer’s unfulfilled expectations | 221 |
| 6.1 Definite vs. indefinite article | 221 |
| 6.2 Nil vs. indefinite article | 224 |
| 7. Lexical vs. discourse level | 225 |
| 8. Conclusions | 226 |
| Chapter 6. EVT and articles: a further extension | 227 |
| 1. Introductory comments | 227 |
| 2. Conceptual units larger than words | 227 |
| 3. Conceptual replication | 232 |
| 3.1 Replication through the indefinite article | 233 |
| 3.2 Replication through the definite article | 236 |
| 4. Special cases: novel conceptualizations and formulae | 238 |
| 4.1 Unique but not the only one | 238 |
| 4.2 Nationality nouns | 239 |
| 4.3 Collective nouns | 241 |
| 4.4 (The) sandflats | 245 |
| 4.5 Oak | 247 |
| 4.6 Only one Himalaya(s) | 247 |
| 4.7 A British Isles; a United Nations | 248 |
| 4.8 Viewing modes in analogies and blends | 250 |
| 4.9 A temporal-plus-cognitive viewpoint | 253 |
| 4.10 The–nil contrast neutralized | 254 |
| 5. Final word | 254 |
| Conclusion | 257 |
| References | 261 |
| Index of names | 281 |
| Thematic index | 287 |
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