POLECAMY
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The problem of the continuity of science from the medieval to the modern times of the 17th century, when Galileo and Newton developed the correct theory of mechanics, occupied historians of science from the beginning of the 20th century. Some believe that the fourteenth-century English scholars who created the School of Oxford Calculators and their French and Italian followers. with their solutions, laid the foundations for the development of modern physics. Others believe that medieval natural philosophy made no contribution to the development of modern science. The presented book is a voice in this discussion and an attempt to answer the question about the continuity of science. Considering how much has been discovered, edited and written about the Oxford Calculators, the book reviews and compares the results of our research with works of the other historians’ research into the intellectual heritage of these 14th century English thinkers in order to enrich and update the views on the Oxford Calculators’ natural philosophy in perhaps its most fundamental aspect – at least from the point of view of Aristotle’s philosophy – namely the subject of “science of local motion.”
The discussion are mostly focused on topics that were important to medieval thinkers and not those that could be most interesting from the modern point of view, and the research are directed on the Oxford Calculators’ tradition in science toward a prospecting of the innovative character of their teaching, and here first of all against the background of Aristotelian theories, and then the subsequent search for possible innovations which could have inspired early modern scientists.
As the conclusions of the research on the theories of Oxford calculators are still formulated mainly on the basis of analyzes of incomplete printed texts, the critical editions of Latin texts are offered. These are not only the most famous Calculators’ works, such as William Heytesbury’s De tribus praedicamentis: de motu locali or John Dumbleton’s Part III of the Summa logicae et philosophiae naturalis, but also of a hither to unknown work by Richard Kilvington, i.e., his question on local motion and the question on local motion written by the anonymous author of the treatise De sex inconvenientibus.
Rok wydania | 2020 |
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Liczba stron | 460 |
Kategoria | Historia filozofii |
Wydawca | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego |
ISBN-13 | 978-83-8220-328-8 |
Numer wydania | 1 |
Język publikacji | angielski |
Informacja o sprzedawcy | ePWN sp. z o.o. |
POLECAMY
Ciekawe propozycje
Spis treści
Preface | 7 |
Chapter I: Lives and Works of Oxford Calculators (Elżbieta Jung) | 11 |
1. Richard Kilvington | 13 |
2. Thomas Bradwardine | 18 |
3. William Heytesbury | 20 |
4. The Anonymous Author of the De sex inconvenientibus | 22 |
5. John Dumbleton | 29 |
6. Richard Swineshead | 31 |
Chapter II: Theories of Local Motion before the Oxford Calculators (Elżbieta Jung) | 37 |
1. Aristotle’s “Mathematical Physics” | 37 |
2. Theories of Motion in Arabic Medieval Philosophy | 43 |
3. The English Tradition in Mathematical Natural Science | 50 |
Chapter III: Oxford Calculators on Local Motion (Elżbieta Jung, Robert Podkoński) | 57 |
1. Richard Kilvington’s Theory of Local Motion | 57 |
1.1. Motion with respect to its Causes | 58 |
1.1.1. An Excess of Acting Power over Resistance – the Condition Necessary for Motion | 59 |
1.1.2. Inalienable Conditions of Motion | 61 |
1.1.2a. How to “Measure” an Active Power? | 63 |
1.1.2b. How to “Measure” a Passive Power? | 65 |
1.1.3. The Result of Action of Powers – Speed of Motion | 67 |
1.2. Motion with respect to its Effect – the Distances Traversed and Time | 79 |
2. Thomas Bradwardine’s Treatise on Local Motion | 82 |
3. William Heytesbury’s Contribution to the Oxford Calculators’ Science of Local Motion | 87 |
4. The Theory of Motion in the Anonymous Treatise: De sex inconvenientibus | 93 |
4.1. The Causes of Accelerated Motion | 99 |
4.2. The Motion of a Sphere | 101 |
4.3. The Mean Speed Theorem | 104 |
5. John Dumbleton on Local Motion | 112 |
5.1. The Mean Speed Theorem | 124 |
6. Richard Swineshead’s Speculative Science of Local Motion | 125 |
Chapter IV: Towards Modern Mechanics? (Elżbieta Jung, Robert Podkoński) | 159 |
The Novelty of Medieval Mechanics vis-à-vis Aristotelian and Galileian Theories… | 184 |
Editions | 189 |
Introduction (Elżbieta Jung, Joanna Papiernik, Robert Podkoński) | 191 |
1. Richard Kilvington’s Question Utrum potentia motoris excedit potentiam rei motae from His Quaestiones super libros Physicorum | 192 |
2. The Section De motu locali of William Heytesbury’s Regulae solvendi sphismata | 193 |
3. The Question Utrum in motu locali sit in certa servanda velocitas from the Anonymous Treatise de sex inconvenientibus | 201 |
4. Selected Fragments of Part III: De motu locali of John Dumbleton’s Summa logicae et philosophiae naturalis | 204 |
5. Presentation of the Texts – Editorial Rules, the Contents of apparati critici, and Abbreviations Used | 207 |
5.1. Richard Kilvington, Utrum in omni motu potentia motoris excedit potentiam rei motae | 208 |
5.2. William Heytesbury, De motu locali | 209 |
5.3. Anonymous, Utrum in motu locali sit certa servanda velocitas | 210 |
5.4. John Dumbleton, De motu locali | 210 |
Ricardus Kilvington, Utrum in omni motu potentia motoris excedit potentiam rei motae, Elżbieta Jung (ed.) | 213 |
Guilelmus Heytesbury, De motu locali, Elżbieta Jung, Robert Podkoński (eds) | 267 |
Anonimus, Utrum in motu locali sit certa servanda velocitas, Joanna Papiernik (ed.) | 297 |
Johannes Dumbleton, De motu locali, Elżbieta Jung, Robert Podkoński (eds) | 391 |
Bibliography | 427 |
Index of Names | 447 |
Summary | 451 |