Glass bead trade in Northeast Africa

The evidence from Meroitic and post-Meroitic Nubia

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Strings of colorful glass beads were a popular commodity traded throughout ancient Nubia in the earlier half of the first millennium AD. Combining macroscopic examination with laboratory analyses, the author breaks new ground in Nubian studies, establishing diagnostic markers for a study of trading markets and broader economic trends in Meroitic and post-Meroitic Nubia.


Archaeometric results, lucidly presented and discussed, identify the origins of the glass from which the beads under investigation were made. The demonstrated South Indian/Sri Lankan provenance of some of the ready-made beads from Nubian burial contexts and a reconstruction of their distribution patterns in Northeast Africa is the first undisputed proof of contacts between Nubia and the Red Sea coast. Reaching beyond that, it shows Nubia’s involvement in the Asian maritime trade, whether directly or indirectly, during a period of intensive interchanges between the 4th and 6th centuries AD.


By combining macroscopic and laboratory analyses of glass beads found at the Meroitic and late antique Nubian sites the study of bead types and glass groups used in their manufacture allows to confirm strong trade connections between Nubia and Mediterranean cultures. They bring evidence for circulation not only Egyptian but also Levantine glass in Northeast Africa as far as the region upstream the Sixth Cataract. Besides, the find of ready-made Sri Lankan/South Indian objects in late antique Nubian graves stimulates reflection on the extensive trade between the Nubia and the Red Sea coast. Eventually, the results provide the first evidence of the involvement of Nubia in the Asian maritime trade, whether directly or indirectly.


Rok wydania2019
Liczba stron316
KategoriaArcheologia
WydawcaUniwersytet Warszawski
ISBN-13978-83-235-3907-0
Numer wydania1
Język publikacjiangielski
Informacja o sprzedawcyePWN sp. z o.o.

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Spis treści

  Acknowledgements    7
  Introduction    9
  
  Chapter 1: . Nubia in the Meroitic and post-Meroitic periods    11
  
  Chapter 2: Beads in Meroitic and post-Meroitic cultures: iconographic and contextual overview    15
  
  Chapter 3: Collections and archaeological contexts    17
  
  Chapter 4: Morphological description of glass samples    25
  Introduction    25
  Techniques, provenance, parallels, and dating 25 Conclusions    37
  
  Chapter 5: Chemistry of glass beads    101
  Introduction    101
  Method of analysis ( by Barbara Wagner)    102
  Results    107
  Discussion of provenance of glass groups and subgroups    160
  Conclusions    164
  
  Chapter 6: Discussion of the glass groups and beads produced    167
  
  Chapter 7: Trade contacts in Northeast Africa    175
  Introduction    175
  Trade hubs, routes and operators in Northeast Africa    175
  The Nubian trade    177
  The bead trade    179
  
  Chapter 8: Conclusions    187
  Catalog    189
  The SJE collection    190
  The SNM collection    214
  The MAP collection    240
  The MNW collection    252
  
  Parallels    257
  Abbreviations and references    299
  List of figures, tables and plates    312
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